Microprocessor





A microprocessor is an electronic computer central processing unit (CPU)
that is made from many transistors on a single semiconductor integrated
circuit (or chip). Before microprocessors, CPUs were made from discrete
(separate) transistors; and before that, from vacuum tubes.

The world's first commercial microprocessor was the 4-bit 4004, released on
November 15, 1971, invented by Marcian Ted Hoff. This was later followed by
the 8008. These processors are the precursors to the very successful Intel
8080, Zilog Z80, and a series of derivative Intel 8-bit processors, as well
as being an ancestor of the 16-bit 8086 family which powers most modern PC
type computers.

Examples of early 16-bit microprocessor families include the Motorola 68000
and Zilog Z8000. Intel introduced the 8086 family as a more cost effective
way of porting software investments from the 8080 lines, and succeeded in
winning much business on that premise.