War crime


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A war crime is a violation of established protections of the laws of war.
The term is defined largely by international law, including the Geneva
Conventions. It comprises such acts as mistreatment of prisoners of war or
civilians. Some instances of mass murder and genocide are in whole or part
to be considered war crimes.

War crimes are significant in human rights law because it is an area where
international tribunals such as the Nuremberg Trials have been convened.
Recent examples are the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

On July 1, 2002 the International Criminal Court based in The Hague came
into being for the prosecution of war crimes committed after that date.

To date, the only former heads of state or government that have been charged
with war crimes are former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and former
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.